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American campaign slogan

Trump's "Make America Great Again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign before Trump selected Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Smashing Once again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential entrada. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Allow's Make America Great Over again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Bill Clinton as well used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential entrada and used information technology once again in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton'southward unsuccessful 2008 presidential master campaign. Douglas Schoen has chosen Trump's apply of the phrase "probably the most resonant campaign slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the country was in decline.[2] [3]

The slogan became a pop civilisation phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, being used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the United states of america, regarding it as dog-whistle politics and coded language.[4] [5] [vi] [vii] The slogan was also at the center of ii events originally reported inaccurately in most media outlets, the Jussie Smollett attack hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [nine] [ten] [11]

Use before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was starting time used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a speech at the third session of the 76th United States Congress in anticipation of the 1940 United States presidential ballot: "What is the mode? Here is America. There are 130,000,000 of u.s.a.. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, capital, and direction; who can give the man of enterprise encouragement, who can give them the spirit which volition beget vision. That will brand America swell again."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was found in some advertising associated with Barry Goldwater'due south unsuccessful 1964 presidential entrada.[13]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Permit'southward make America great once more" was famously used in Ronald Reagan'southward 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the United States was suffering from a worsening economic system at home marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the country's economic distress equally a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism among the electorate.[xiv] [15] [xvi] [17] Within his acceptance oral communication at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, nosotros'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they live. For those who've abased promise, nosotros'll restore hope and we'll welcome them into a great national crusade to make America great once again."[18] [nineteen]

Bill Clinton [edit]

The phrase was also used in speeches[20] by Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential entrada.[21] Clinton as well used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential primary campaign.[22]

During the 2016 balloter campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump'south version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give you lot an economy you had 50 years ago, and... movement you back up on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell'south book near her unsuccessful 2010 bid as the Republican nominee for a United states of america Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin'south Press on August 16, 2011, equally Troublemaker: Let's Do What It Takes to Make America Great Once more.[24]

Use past Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Brand America Smashing Again" cap during his 2016 presidential entrada

In Dec 2011, Trump fabricated a argument in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the future, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, above all else, we must make America great again."[25] Also in December 2011, he published a book using equally a subtitle the like phrase "Making America #one Once again" – which in a 2015 reissue was inverse to "Make America Great Again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Make America Great Over again" past stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On January 1, 2012, a grouping of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of State'due south part to create the "Make America Smashing Again Party", which would have allowed Trump to be that party's nominee if he had decided to become a third-political party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November 7, 2012, the day subsequently Barack Obama won his reelection against Mitt Romney. By his own account, Trump first considered "We Volition Make America Great", merely did not feel like information technology had the right "band" to it. "Brand America Great" was his side by side slogan thought, simply upon farther reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America because it implied that America was never great. After selecting "Make America Great Again", Trump immediately had an attorney register it. (Trump later said he was unaware of Reagan's use in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark information technology.")[28] On Nov 12 he signed an awarding with the United States Patent and Trademark Part requesting exclusive rights to use the slogan for political purposes. It was registered equally a service marking on July 14, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public as early as Baronial 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Banner displaying "Vote To Make America Great Again" on a roadside in California shortly after the Nov 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Proceed America Dandy" hat in December 2019

During the 2016 campaign, Trump often used the slogan, especially by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which before long became pop among his supporters.[32] The slogan was and so of import to the campaign that at one indicate it spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or boob tube commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the existent hat 10 to one. "...merely it was a slogan, and every fourth dimension somebody buys 1, that'south an advertisement."[28]

Following Trump'southward election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection entrada would exist "Keep America Slap-up" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] Still, Trump'due south 2020 campaign continued to use the "Make America Dandy Again" slogan.[35] Trump's vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "make America great once again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention voice communication, garnering ridicule and comparisons to the catchphrase "again-again" from Teletubbies.[36] [37] In belatedly 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[38]

Less than a week after Trump left office, he spoke to advisors about perhaps establishing a third party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Great Over again Party". In his start few days out of office, he too supported Arizona country party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who likewise called for the creation of a "MAGA Political party". In late January 2021, the old president viewed the proposed MAGA Party as leverage to prevent Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[39] [40]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the entrada slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself by tweeting "My apply of social media is not Presidential – it's Modern Twenty-four hours PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Great Once again!" on July 1, 2017.[41]

In the first one-half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[42] In an article for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression assay suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a post'southward retweet-and-favorite count, which is important given that the boilerplate Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[42]

Trump attributed his victory (in part) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[43] According to RiteTag,[44] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: one,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[44]

Donald Trump set upwardly his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly post-obit the proclamation (June sixteen, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential ballot, with specially notable spikes occurring afterward his securing the Republican Party nomination (May 3, 2016) and subsequently winning the presidency.[45]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its utilise since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Voice of America announcer, amongst others,[v] [6] explained how it is a loaded phrase considering it "doesn't but entreatment to people who hear information technology as racist coded language, only as well to those who have felt a loss of status every bit other groups accept go more empowered."[4] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan at present resonates as America First did in the early on 1940s, with the idea "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[46]

Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[due west]earing a 'Brand America Corking Again' hat is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. But if you wear i, it's a pretty proficient indication that you share, admire or capeesh President Trump's racist views nigh Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[vi] The Detroit Complimentary Printing and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[47] [48] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan as "fabled", writing: "It was vague enough to appeal to optimists generally, while leaving plenty of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that nosotros were finally going back to the days when they ran the world."[49] Polling has shown that about ten percent of black voters identified as Trump supporters,[50] [ non-master source needed ] while nigh thirty percent of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[51] [ better source needed ]

Australian political commentator and old Liberal party leader John Hewson writes in Jan 2018 that he believes the contempo global movements against traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be little uncertainty well-nigh US President Donald Trump'due south views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'faux news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His election campaign theme was effectively a promise to 'Make America Neat Again; America First and Only' and—nod, nod, wink, wink—to Make America White Once more."[52]

Employ past others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Merely Liberals – Can Win the War on Terror and Make America Dandy Once again [53] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the State of war on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book about her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Permit's Do What It Takes To Make America Peachy Over again.[54]

Afterwards Donald Trump popularized the utilise of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump's chief opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Not bad Again" in speeches, inciting Trump to transport terminate-and-desist messages to them.[28] Cruz later on sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Argue Again", in response to Trump's boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016 contend.[55] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such as "Make America United mexican states Once more", a critique of Trump's clearing policies regarding the U.S.–Mexico edge.[56] [57]

Apply by political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that great" during a September 2018 bill signing.[58] [59] Former Usa Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, request: "Exactly when did yous think America was great?"[lx] [61] During John McCain'due south memorial service on September i, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no demand to be made swell over again considering America was always great."[62] Trump subsequently tweeted "Make AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!" later that day.[63]

Use by hate groups [edit]

A 2018 study using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks constitute that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were unremarkably used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[64]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The final judgement of the voice communication delivered past him was "make our planet dandy again."[65]

During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential ballot in October 2018, erstwhile opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Indonesia bang-up again", though he denied having copied Trump.[66]

During the Swedish European Parliament ballot in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Autonomous Party used the slogan "Make European union Lagom Over again".[67] [68]

Feb 2019 Fridays for Future protest in Berlin with the line "Make Earth Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Hereafter Movement have ofttimes used slogans like "Make Earth Greta Again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[69] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary film named Brand the Globe Greta Over again.[70]

In pop culture [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Make America Rage Again" phase properties reminiscent of the "Make America Keen Once more" catchphrase as it appears on a MAGA hat

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Developed entertainment [edit]

  • Developed film star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an thing with President Trump, took function in a "Brand America Horny Again" strip gild tour. The tour followed Trump'due south initial 2016 campaign trail and part of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[71]

Advertising [edit]

  • A Douse-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Make America Dunk Again".[72]

Artwork [edit]

  • Make Everything Keen Once more was a street fine art mural by artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[73] [74]

One-act [edit]

  • Comedian David Cross's 2016 stand-up tour was titled "Making America Bully Again".[75]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an clan with Developed Swim and Cartoon Network, and dressed every bit the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Great Again" hats.[76] [77] [78]

Style [edit]

  • Manner Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Great Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to wear on Cherry Carpet e.yard. 2017 Grammy Awards.[79]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Great Once again" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[lxxx]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Make England Bully Once more" fez hat in 1 scene.[81]
  • The Syfy moving picture Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Bait Once more".[82]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Year (2016) is "Keep America Great" (a phrase Trump would later use as his 2020 entrada slogan); i of the TV spots for the motion picture featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with one stating he does and then "to continue my country [America] great".[83] The next film in the franchise, The Start Purge, was subsequently advertised with a affiche featuring its title stylized on a MAGA hat.[84]
  • The character Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA hat throughout the film.[85]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin's Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Great Again" during his campaign against Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat 11 (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombat11 newcomer Kollector to "brand Outworld smashing over again".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Make America Nazi-Free Again" in its marketing campaign.[86]
  • In Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Make America Peachy Again" during his spoken language while contesting Raiden.[87]

Music [edit]

  • Fall Out Boy released a remix of their anthology American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Once again.[88]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 called Grand.A.T.A, significant Brand America Trap Again.[89]
  • Make America Stone Again was a rock concert tour.[90]
  • Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Motorcar, Public Enemy and Cypress Colina, chosen their 2017 nationwide bout the "Make America Rage Again Tour", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA hat.
  • Great britain musician and author James Kennedy released a rock protest anthology in 2020 called 'Make Acrimony Great Again'[91]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Make America Crip Over again".[92]
  • Frank Turner released a song called "Brand America Great Again" on his album Be More Kind (2018).
  • Vocalist Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Smashing Again" a few months afterwards actualization at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[93]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a lid proverb Make America Skate again in Chance the Rapper's video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Once more (2019), with cover art inspired by the Barack Obama "Promise" poster.[94]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a song titled Make America Smashing Once again.[95]
  • Metal band Thy Art Is Murder released a song called "Make America Hate Once again" on their album Human Target (2019). They also sell a chapeau with the slogan "Make Deathcore Great Once again".

Sports [edit]

  • Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat saying "Make Baseball game Fun Again" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Author Octavia Due east. Butler used "Brand America Peachy Again" as the presidential campaign slogan for a character, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[96] Jarret is described every bit "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and regime together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[97]
  • Writer Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Appointment Again",[98] a satirical book on dating and relationships.

Television set [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his show Final Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral name of the Trump family.[99] [100] The segment broke HBO viewership records, garnering 85 million views.[100]
  • In the South Park episode "Where My State Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a entrada that is a parody of Trump'south, are seen property signs bearing the slogan.[101]
  • In the Star Trek: Discovery episode "What's Past Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "brand the Empire glorious once again", a line that was compared to Trump by many reviewers.[102] [103] [104] [105]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[ane]

References [edit]

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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

harrisfounds.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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